Butterfly lifecycle
Butterflies are some of the most fascinating and beautiful insects in the world. Their metamorphosis from a caterpillar to a beautiful winged creature has garnered attention from all walks of life; from researchers of natural science trying to understand the technical aspects of the metamorphosis process to those who just enjoy butterflies for their delicate beauty.
As advanced insects, butterflies (and moths) have a "complete" life cycle, which means there are four separate stages of development. Each stage looks completely different from the others, and serves a different purpose in the life of the insect.
Stage one: egg
Butterflies begin their life as an egg, a tiny round, oval, or cylindrical object, usually with fine ribs and other microscopic structures. Eggs are laid either singly or in clusters, depending on the species. Female butterflies attach their eggs to leaves, stems, or other objects, usually on or near the intended caterpillar food.
Stage two: larva
Upon hatching, a larva, or tiny caterpillar emerges. Caterpillars often have stripes or colored patches, and may have spine-like hairs. Some caterpillar species consume their eggshells, then begin feeding on the host plant. The most rapid growth happens during this stage, and a caterpillar can shed its skin four times or more to enclose its rapidly growing body .
Stage three: pupa
As the transformation stage begins, the caterpillar attaches itself to a twig or leaf by a silken pad. It then sheds its skin for the last time and forms a hard outer shell, called a chrysalis. During this stage, the caterpillar tissues break down and the adult insect's structures are formed. The chrysalis of most species is brown or green and blends into the background. Many species overwinter in this stage.
Stage four: butterfly
As the butterfly is about to emerge the chrysalis becomes transparent, revealing colors beneath. When the chrysalis splits, a limp, butterfly emerges. Initially, its wings are very small and shriveled, but as the butterfly pumps blood into its veins they unfurl. An enzyme is then released and the wings stiffen. A little warming in the sun, and within an hour it is ready to fly off to feed and mate.
Adult butterflies will live approximately 2 to 4 weeks, however, the entire life cycle of a butterfly can range between 2 and 8 months, depending on the species.
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